Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar's Biography, Education, Contribution (2024)!"

डॉ भीमराव अंबेडकर की जीवनी हिन्दी मे पढ़ने के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें ।

Bheem Rao Ambedkar: Birth

Bheem Rao Ambedkar (1891-1956) was born on April 14, 1891, in the Military Cantonment of Mhow, which is now in Madhya Pradesh. His father, Ramji Vald Maloji Sakpal, was a military officer serving as a Major Subedar in Mahu. In their final years of service, he and his wife Bhimabai spent their time in a barrack situated at Kali Paltan, the birthplace memorial instead of Mahu. On April 14, 1891, when Ramji Subedar was on duty, Bhimrao was born here at noon. He had enthusiasm and a power of concentration from an early age. He was not like other children. His thinking was remarkable, which helped him recognize his abilities. He had the ability to understand the most important issues of life with deep thoughtfulness. His parents taught him morality and the right direction to follow. As a result, he was inspired by truth and justice at every step of his life. From childhood, he showed ideals of social justice and support, and he always worked for the welfare of society. His ideals led him to progress, and he proved his relevance through his actions in his life.

Education

Bhimrao received his early education in Satara and Dapoli and passed the matriculation exam from Elphinstone School in Bombay in 1907. On this important occasion, a celebration was organized for him. As a gift, his teacher Shri Krishnaji Arjun Keluskar presented him with the handwritten book ‘Buddha Charitra’. Bhimrao passed the Bachelor’s degree examination in 1912 from Mumbai University after receiving a fellowship from the Baroda Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad. Due to the opposition to Sanskrit learning, he opted for Persian.

Columbia University, USA

After completing his Bachelor’s degree, Bhimrao obtained another fellowship from Baroda Maharaja Sayajirao Gaikwad for postgraduate studies and then entered Columbia University in the USA. In 1915, he passed the postgraduate examination. For this, he had written a thesis on “The Commercialization of Ancient India”. Later in 1916, he obtained a Ph.D. from Columbia University in America, his Ph.D. thesis was “Centralization of Currency in British India”.

London School of Economics and Political Science

After completing his fellowship, he decided to return to India, for which he was leaving for Britain. There, he registered at the London School of Economics and Political Science for M.Sc. and D.Sc. and at the Law School for Bar-at-Law. Then he returned to India. According to the terms of the scholarship, he was prepared to work as a military officer and financial advisor in the court of Baroda Maharaja. Due to the serious problem of not being ready to keep him on rent in the whole city, he returned to Mumbai after some time.

Dalit Representation

Living in Dabak Chal and the Labor Colony of Parel, he worked part-time teaching and lawyering to complete his incomplete education. He spent a struggling but sensitive life with his wife Ramabai. In 1919, Dr. Ambedkar testified in favor of Dalit representation in politics before the Southborough Committee formed for political reform.

Working to educate illiterate and poor people

He edited five weekly and fortnightly newspapers, Mooknayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, Samata, Janata, and Prabuddha Bharat from 1927 to 1956 to educate mute, illiterate, and poor people. He made them capable of studying and earning income through his Dalit Education Society (established 1924) by setting up hostels, night schools, libraries, and educational activities for weak class students.

In 1945, through his People’s Education Society, he established Siddharth College in Mumbai and Milind College in Aurangabad. With the help of intellectuals, scientists, prestige, Indian culture, he made contributions in reviving Buddhism by taking ordination in Nagpur on October 14, 1956, with 500,000 people, and continuously promoted progress through his last book “The Buddha and His Dhamma”.

Dalit Panther Mandal (1937) was prepared for his speech at the Lahore Convention, his book named “Jatibhed Nirmoolan” worked to eliminate Indian society from false, superstitions, and superstitions prevalent in religious scriptures. The struggle continued throughout his life for the implementation of provisions like divorce, inheritance of property for women through the Hindu Code Bill.

Economic, Financial, and Administrative Contributions

The establishment of the Reserve Bank of India in India was based on the research work written by Dr. Ambedkar, “The Problem of the Rupee – Its Origin and Solution,” and the history of Indian trends and banking in 1935. Based on his second research work, “The Development of Provincial Finance in British India,” the Financial Commission was established in the country. He also advocated for increasing productivity in agriculture through cooperative farming and providing continuous electricity and water supply.

Industrial development, water conservation, irrigation, increasing productivity and income of laborers and farmers, progressing agriculture through collective and cooperative farming, establishing state ownership of land, and achieving dominance through nationalization were advocated for the establishment of a socialist welfare state.

In 1945, he assessed the multi-utility of the management of the Mahanadi River and proposed comprehensive economic policies for the country, such as linking rivers and canals, constructing the Hirakud Dam, the Damodar Valley Project, the Son River Valley Project, establishing national waterways, and creating the Central Water and Power Commission.

In 1944, the proposed Central Waterways and Irrigation Commission was approved by the Viceroy on April 4, 1945, and a proposal was made to implement advanced techniques for large dams in India. He presented a framework for a strong technical organization network for the development of India and proposed a way to utilize natural resources meaningfully for the country’s service through water management and development.

Constitution and Nation Building

He prepared the Indian Constitution based on equality, fraternity, and humanity through 2 years, 11 months, and 17 days of rigorous work, which was handed over to the then President Dr. Rajendra Prasad on November 26, 1949. This not only impressed Indian culture with a way of life for national unity, integrity, and individual dignity to all citizens of the country but also made an attempt to pass the Hindu Code Bill for women’s empowerment in 1951, and resigned from the post of the first Law Minister of independent India if it wasn’t passed. In 1955, his book “Linguistic States” was published, proposing the reorganization of Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra into smaller and more manageable states, some of which were realized in certain aspects after 45 years.

To strengthen the democracy of the state, all three branches, namely the judiciary, executive, and legislature, were made independent and separate, thus explaining the elements of one person, one vote, and one value according to equal citizen rights. Participation of Scheduled Castes and Tribes in the legislature, executive, and judiciary was ensured by the Constitution, and a path was paved for participation in future forms of governance such as gram panchayats, district panchayats, and panchayat raj, etc. He also nationalized available land along with cooperative and collective farming, and gave priority to keeping public enterprises such as banking and insurance under state control. He recommended industrialization to provide more employment opportunities to unemployed workers dependent on small agricultural plots. In 1944, he took important steps for labor welfare by forming the Ministry of Labor, such as reducing the working hours from 12 to 8 hours, equal wages and working hours, maternity leave, health security, and employee provident fund. He made provisions active for the welfare of employees, such as employee state insurance, leave facilities for irregular employees, reviewing employee salary categories, provident fund, etc. In 1943, he amended the Indian Labor Act to activate labor unions and strengthen them. He built welfare laws such as health insurance, provident fund act, factory amendment act, labor dispute act, minimum wage act, and legislation against legal strikes for the welfare of workers.